Delta 8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has emerged as a prominent figure in the evolving hemp and cannabis markets. Its rise to popularity is driven by its unique psychoactive properties and its legal status compared to other cannabinoids. This article delves into the intricacies of delta 8 THC, exploring its chemical composition, methods of production, effects, legal status, benefits, side effects, and how it compares to other THC variants like delta 9 and delta 10.
What is Delta 8 THC?
Delta 8 THC is a cannabinoid, a type of compound found in the cannabis plant. Chemically, it is an isomer of delta 9 THC, the more prevalent and well-known form of THC. Both delta 8 and delta 9 THC have the same molecular formula, C21H30O2, but differ slightly in their chemical structures. Delta 8 THC has a double bond on the eighth carbon chain, while delta 9 THC has it on the ninth. This minor difference significantly impacts their psychoactive effects and stability.
Delta 8 THC was first identified and partially synthesized by Roger Adams in the early 1940s, with the first full synthesis occurring in 1965. Despite its discovery several decades ago, it only became accessible to consumers towards the end of the 2010s.
How is Delta 8 THC Made?
Delta 8 THC is naturally present in hemp and marijuana plants, but in very small quantities. Extracting it directly from the plant is not cost-effective. Thus, manufacturers convert it from cannabidiol (CBD), another cannabinoid found in hemp. The process involves heating CBD with chemical catalysts to transform it into delta 8 THC. This lab-made form of delta 8 THC is what is found in commercial products like gummies, vape cartridges, and tinctures.
Does Delta 8 THC Get You High?
Yes, delta 8 THC does induce a high. The psychoactive effects are generally milder compared to delta 9 THC. Users often describe the high from delta 8 THC as more clear-headed, allowing them to stay productive and focused. The high can last up to eight hours, depending on the mode of consumption, with vaping typically resulting in shorter-term effects.
Delta 8 THC is thought to be about half as potent as delta 9 THC. While both can produce euphoria, delta 8’s effects are typically less intense, resulting in a lighter, more alert feeling. This makes delta 8 an attractive option for those seeking the benefits of THC without the heavy sedation often associated with delta 9 THC.
Benefits of Delta 8 THC
Most users consume delta 8 THC for its psychoactive effects, but it may also offer therapeutic benefits. Although research is limited, some studies suggest delta 8 THC could help with:
- Nausea and Vomiting: In a study involving pediatric cancer patients, delta 8 THC was effective in preventing vomiting.
- Pain and Inflammation: In animal studies, topical application of delta 8 THC reduced corneal pain and inflammation.
These potential benefits are promising, but more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Side Effects of Delta 8 THC
Like any cannabinoid, delta 8 THC can cause side effects. Generally, these are milder compared to delta 9 THC, but they can still occur and may include:
- Dry eyes and mouth
- Drowsiness
- Lack of coordination
- Dizziness
- Increased heart rate
In rare cases, more severe side effects like paranoia, hallucinations, or vomiting may occur. To minimize the risk of adverse effects, it is advisable to start with a small dose and observe how your body reacts before consuming more.
Safety of Delta 8 THC
The safety profile of delta 8 THC is not fully understood due to the limited research available. While it is considered to be generally safe when used responsibly, the lack of comprehensive studies means there could be unknown risks. Consumers should exercise caution and purchase delta 8 THC products from reputable sources to ensure they are free from harmful contaminants.
Legal Status of Delta 8 THC
One of the most significant differences between delta 8 and delta 9 THC is their legal status. In the United States, delta 9 THC is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law, making it illegal except in states that have legalized marijuana for medical or recreational use. Delta 8 THC, on the other hand, is derived from hemp and falls under the protections of the 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized hemp and its derivatives federally. This makes delta 8 THC more accessible, as it can be purchased online or from smoke shops in many states.
Delta 8 THC vs. Delta 9 THC
While delta 8 and delta 9 THC share many similarities, their differences are notable:
- Psychoactive Effects: Both cannabinoids induce a high, but delta 8 THC is less potent and typically results in a clearer, more functional high.
- Legality: Delta 8 THC is federally legal, whereas delta 9 THC is not, except in states with legalized marijuana.
- Production: Delta 8 THC is usually synthesized from hemp-derived CBD, while delta 9 THC is directly extracted from marijuana plants.
Delta 8 THC vs. Delta 10 THC
Delta 10 THC is a newer cannabinoid that has entered the market, partly due to the popularity of delta 8 THC. Both delta 8 and delta 10 are minor cannabinoids with psychoactive effects, but delta 10 is believed to be weaker than delta 8. The research on delta 10 THC is even more limited than on delta 8, so most of what is known comes from user anecdotes and marketing claims.
Conclusion
Delta 8 THC has carved out a niche in the cannabis market due to its unique properties and legal status. While it offers a milder high compared to delta 9 THC, it also presents potential therapeutic benefits. However, the limited research on its effects and safety necessitates cautious use. As the legal landscape and scientific understanding of cannabinoids continue to evolve, delta 8 THC’s role in the market may further develop, offering consumers more options and insights into its benefits and risks.
